Heritage and conservation register

Item

Name of Item Junction Bridge over Tumut River
Item Number 4300007
Type of Item Built
Item Sub-Type NSW McDonald Truss Bridges
Roadloc  
Address **** Tumut Plains Road Tumut 2720
Local Government Area Tumut 
Owner Roads and Maritime Services (replacing Roads and Traffic Authority)
Current Use Road bridge
Former Use Road bridge

 

Statement of significance

Statement of significance Junction Bridge in Tumut is of State significance. Completed in 1895, it is one of the seven McDonald timber truss road bridges remaining in New South Wales. Timber truss road bridges were extensively used in New South Wales because of the high quality of local hardwoods and the shortage of steel during the early decades of settlement of the state. The timber truss was highly developed for bridges in New South Wales, perhaps more so than anywhere else in the world at that time. The McDonald truss is a significant evolutionary link in the development of timber road bridges in New South Wales and has three standard span lengths, 65 ft (19.96m), 75 ft (22.86m) and 90 ft (27.43m). Junction Bridge in Tumut is one of the two remaining three-span examples.
Date Significance Updated 02 April 2009

 

Description

Designer John McDonald
Builder NSW Public Works
Construction years 1893 - 1895
Physical description The bridge consists of three 75' (22.86m) truss spas with four timber girder spans (three 30' (9.14m) and one 28' (8.53m) on the Tumut side and one timber girder span on the other. All are supported by timber piers with piles driven into the river bed. The bridge width is 4.57m (15') between kerbs at its narrowest.
Physical Condition
and/or
Archaeological Potential
Original condition assessment: 'Generally fair to good condition with maintenance by Roads and Maritime Services (replacing Roads and Traffic Authority) as it is a functioning road bridge.' (Last updated: 3/04/1998.) 2007-08 condition update: 'Good.' (Last updated: 17/4/09.)
Modifications and dates 1922 - redecked throughout with blackbutt and brushbox 1934/35 - redecked with brushbox 1938 - 2 decks replaced 1941-51 - renewal of various parts 1965 - new deck sealed by council 1970s - new end span added 1986 - replacement of various parts
Date condition updated 17 April 2009

 

History

Historical notes The date of opening of the Junction bridge at Tumut is unclear. It is possible that it opened as early as December 1893 but more likely that this was the date of commencement of construction. It appears to have been completed by June 1895 at a cost of 3802 pounds and replaced an older bridge to the south.

At the time of opening it was believed to have been originally named Shelley Bridge after Mrs George Shelley, the wife of early Tumut settler George Shelley. This name appears to have disappeared from common usage until the 1950s when the grandson of Mrs Shelley requested that the bridge be officially named Shelley Bridge.

Timber truss road bridges have played a significant role in the expansion and improvement of the NSW road network. Prior to the bridges being built, river crossings were often dangerous in times of rain, which caused bulk freight movement to be prohibitively expensive for most agricultural and mining produce. Only the high priced wool clip of the time was able to carry the costs and inconvenience imposed by the generally inadequate river crossings that often existed prior to the trusses construction.

Timber truss bridges were preferred by the Public Works Department from the mid 19th to the early 20th century because they were relatively cheap to construct, and used mostly local materials. The financially troubled governments of the day applied pressure to the Public Works Department to produce as much road and bridge work for as little cost as possible, using local materials. This condition effectively prohibited the use of iron and steel, as these, prior to the construction of the steel works at Newcastle in the early 20th century, had to be imported from England. A series of five timber truss bridges were used. These included 1865 Old PWD, 1884 McDonald, 1894 Allan, 1899 de Burgh and 1905 Dare. Each was a technical improvement on its predecessor.

Timber truss bridges, and timber bridges generally were so common that NSW was known to travellers as the "timber bridge state".

 

Listings

Heritage Listing Reference Number Gazette Number Gazette Page
Register of the National Estate  015923     
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register  01471     
Heritage Act - s.170 NSW State agency heritage register       

 

Assessment of Significance

Historical Significance McDonald truss bridges have historical significance because timber truss bridges were developed and refined in Australia to achieve the highest level of timber bridge construction for the time of their design and the McDonald truss is an important recognisable design in the evolution of timber truss bridges in NSW. Junction bridge is a relic of the NSW government's policies of the late nineteenth century which focused on the provision of access to land areas to facilitate an increase in production and trade throughout the state. Is significant for its associations with John A McDonald, designer of the McDonald Truss and a significant figure in the area of bridge design and construction in NSW. Has associations with the Shelley family, some of the earliest European settlers in the Tumut district.
Historical Association ****
Aesthetic/Technical Significance McDonald truss bridges have aesthetic significance because they are evocative of Australian methods of bridge construction, in their materials, scale and configuration they reflect and express nineteenth century technologies and experiences and for the time of their design and construction they demonstrate the best quality design available. Is an example of a design which led to rapid expansion in bridge construction throughout NSW. The visually simple form of the triple truss spans help demonstrate the technical aspects of the bridge in a way that can be easily interpreted by non technical observers. The use of local hardwood and the dimensions in which they were used demonstrates the nature and availability of local timber in the era of construction. The impressive scale, the natural timber and other materials add aesthetic value to the surrounding rural landscape.
Social Significance McDonald truss bridges have social significance because their size and location contribute directly to the local area and they are a strong element in the local address. The bridge was built to replace an earlier punt crossing and bridge, thereby playing a significant role for those people living, working and holidaying throughout the surrounding area.
Research Significance McDonald truss bridges have technical/research significance because they exhibit advanced technical use of Australian hardwoods and economical bridge construction of the period. The bridge was designed t make full use of Australian native hardwoods as structural members and forms part of a group of bridge types that combine to illustrate the evolution of timber truss bridge design in Australia and revolutionised the ability of government to provide trafficable roads around in NSW in the late nineteenth century.
Rarity Is was of only five McDonald Truss bridges in NSW and still in use. The bridge has previously been assessed as the second most important example of a McDonald Truss bridge in NSW.
Representativenes An excellent example of a multi-span McDonald Truss bridge in good condition and in an easily accessible area and a good example of a McDonald truss generally.
Integrity/Intactness It is unknown if the bridge was originally built with three spans or if one was later removed. The present configuration also has a timber beam approach span on the Punt Bridge end that the original did not.. The elements of the truss are mainly true to the original design. Although most, or all of the timbers have been replaced during routine maintenance. A majority of the single piece top chord members have been replaced with laminated members as have the cast iron connecting shoes. No modifications have had significant negative impact
Assessed Significance State

 

References

 

Type Author Year Title
Written  NSW Dept of Main Roads (DMR)  1987  Timber Truss Bridge Maintainenc Road Bridge 
Written  Gutteridge Haskins & Davey (GHD) and Austral Archaeology  2002  Junction Bridge, Tumut. Conservation Management Plan. April 
Written  Trueman E.G  1982  Timber Bridge Conservation in NSW 
Written  Colin O'Connor  1985  Spanning Two Centuries 
Written  unknown  1951  Main Roads Vol XVII, No.1 
Written  Allan,Percy  1924  Highway Bridge Construction -The Practice in NSW 
Written  unknown  1939  A Survey of Bridge Building in Australia 

 

Study details

Title Year Author Inspected by Guidelines used
McDonald Truss Road Bridges in NSW  1998  NSW Roads and Maritime Services (replacing Roads and Traffic Authority) and Hughes Trueman Reinhold    Yes 
New Bridge over Bombala River at Bibbenluke - Heritage Significance Study  1996  NSW Roads and Maritime Services (replacing Roads and Traffic Authority) and HTL Reinhold    Yes 
New Bridge over Bombala River at Cunningham's Point - Heritage Significance Stud  1997  NSW Roads and Maritime Services (replacing Roads and Traffic Authority) and HTL Reinhold    Yes 

 

Custom fields

Roads and Maritime Services (replacing Roads and Traffic Authority) Region South West
Bridge Number 5948
CARMS File Number 439.61
Property Number Bridge
Conservation Management Plan ****

 

Images

Junction Bridge, Tumut
Junction Bridge, Tumut

Junction Bridge, Tumut
Junction Bridge, Tumut